Diabetes is the condition in which the body does not properly process food for use as energy. Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy. The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies.
Most of the patients do not have symptoms, but if you are at high risk, you need to monitor your blood sugar level.(refer to Diabetes Prevention)
1. HbA1C/ A1C (Glycosylated Haemoglobin) The A1C test measures your average blood glucose for the past 2 to 3 months. The advantages of being diagnosed this way are that you don’t have to fast or drink anything.
Diabetes is diagnosed at an A1C of greater than or equal to 6.5%
| Result | A1C |
|---|---|
| Normal | less than 5.7% |
| Prediabetes | 5.7% to 6.4% |
| Diabetes | 6.5% or higher |
2. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) This test checks your fasting blood glucose levels. Fasting means after not having anything to eat or drink (except water) for at least 8 hours before the test. This test is usually done first thing in the morning, before breakfast.
Diabetes is diagnosed at fasting blood glucose of greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl
| Result | Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) |
| Normal | less than 100 mg/dl |
| Prediabetes | 100 mg/dl to 125 mg/dl |
| Diabetes | 126 mg/dl or higher |
3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (also called the OGTT) The OGTT is a two-hour test that checks your blood glucose levels before and 2 hours after you drink a special sweet drink. It tells the doctor how your body processes glucose.
Diabetes is diagnosed at 2-hour blood glucose of greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl
| Result | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) |
| Normal | less than 140 mg/dl |
| Prediabetes | 140 mg/dl to 199 mg/dl |
| Diabetes | 200 mg/dl or higher |
If 2 of the above criteria are met then you are diagnosed as DIABETIC.
Hypoglycaemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose (blood sugar) levels, usually less than 70 mg/dl. Hypoglycaemia may also be referred to as an insulin reaction, or insulin shock.
Hypoglycaemic symptoms are important clues that you have low blood glucose.
Once blood glucose returns to normal, eat a small snack if your next planned meal or snack is more than an hour or two away.
Hyperglycaemia is the technical term for high blood glucose (blood sugar). High blood glucose happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can’t use insulin properly. Hyperglycemia is typically considered when blood glucose levels rise above 250–300 mg/dL.
Hyperglycemia may lead to dangerous conditions such as Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and even coma. You need to urgently contact your doctor and may need to get admitted to the hospital.
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